Healthcare Systems Engineering

<p>Acknowledgments xi</p>
<p>Chapter 1 The Healthcare Delivery System 1</p>
<p>Overview 1</p>
<p>1.1 Healthcare Delivery Components 2</p>
<p>1.2 Major Stakeholders 6</p>
<p>1.3 Global Issues in Health 6</p>
<p>1.4 Drivers for Healthcare Systems 13</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 22</p>
<p>References 23</p>
<p>Chapter 2 Complexity and Systems in Healthcare 25</p>
<p>Overview 25</p>
<p>2.1 Taking a Systems Approach to Healthcare 25</p>
<p>2.2 Complex Adaptive Systems 28</p>
<p>Case Study 2A: Complexity in Chronic Kidney Disease 31</p>
<p>2.3 Systems Thinking and System Dynamics 34</p>
<p>Case Study 2B: Systems Thinking and Causal Loop Diagrams in CKD 40</p>
<p>Case Study 2C: System Dynamics and Stock Flow Diagrams in CKD 45</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 48</p>
<p>References 49</p>
<p>Chapter 3 Patient Flow 53</p>
<p>Overview 53</p>
<p>3.1 Healthcare Settings and Clinical Workflows 53</p>
<p>3.2 Patient Flow through a Hospital 64</p>
<p>3.3 Care Transitions 71</p>
<p>3.4 Process Mapping 75</p>
<p>3.5 Queuing 78</p>
<p>Case Study 3: ED Crowding A Patient Flow Solution 80</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 83</p>
<p>References 83</p>
<p>Chapter 4 Healthcare Financing 91</p>
<p>Overview 91</p>
<p>4.1 Financing Models for Health Services 91</p>
<p>4.2 Compensation Models for Providers 95</p>
<p>4.3 Cost Allocation and Charges 97</p>
<p>4.4 Capital Budgeting 103</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 107</p>
<p>References 108</p>
<p>Chapter 5 Health Data and Informatics 111</p>
<p>Overview 111</p>
<p>5.1 Healthcare Data 116</p>
<p>5.2 Electronic Health Records 121</p>
<p>5.3 Health Information Exchange 130</p>
<p>5.4 Publicly Reported Healthcare Data 132</p>
<p>Case Study 5: Health Informatics at a Hospital A 10–Year Journey 136</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 139</p>
<p>References 140</p>
<p>Chapter 6 Lean 141</p>
<p>Overview 141</p>
<p>6.1 Lean Philosophy and Methods 141</p>
<p>6.2 Drivers for Lean Healthcare Systems 143</p>
<p>6.3 A Toolset for Eliminating Wastes 146</p>
<p>6.4 Value Stream Mapping 148</p>
<p>6.5 A3 150</p>
<p>6.6 5S 157</p>
<p>6.7 Kanban 160</p>
<p>6.8 Lean Implementations 164</p>
<p>6.9 Lean Thinking 165</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 166</p>
<p>References 166</p>
<p>Chapter 7 Six Sigma 169</p>
<p>Overview 169</p>
<p>7.1 Six Sigma Philosophy 169</p>
<p>7.2 Six Sigma Quality 170</p>
<p>Case Study 7A: Quantifying Complexity in Translational Research 201</p>
<p>Case Study 7B: Evaluating Collaboration in Translational Research 205</p>
<p>Case Study 7C: Resource Allocation in Translational Research 208</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 210</p>
<p>References 212</p>
<p>Chapter 8 Reliability and Patient Safety 217</p>
<p>Overview 217</p>
<p>8.1 Human Reliability 217</p>
<p>8.2 Errors in Healthcare 218</p>
<p>8.3 Medication Errors 220</p>
<p>8.4 Patient Falls 222</p>
<p>8.5 Human Factors and Ergonomics for Patient Safety 227</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 236</p>
<p>References 237</p>
<p>Chapter 9 Health Analytics 245</p>
<p>Overview 245</p>
<p>9.1 Data Mining 245</p>
<p>Case Study 9A: Predicting Parkinson s Disease Using Data Mining 251</p>
<p>9.2 Data Visualization 255</p>
<p>Case Study 9B: Data Visualization in Obesity Counseling 269</p>
<p>9.3 Social Network Analysis 271</p>
<p>Case Study 9C: SNA in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) 277</p>
<p>9.4 Data Envelopment Analysis 280</p>
<p>Case Study 9D: Using DEA for Finding Best–in–Class Hospitals in a Network 285</p>
<p>9.5 Multicriteria Decision Making 287</p>
<p>Case Study 9E: Use of GP to Optimize Helicopter Emplacement at Medical Treatment Facilities 291</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 292</p>
<p>References 293</p>
<p>Chapter 10 Capacity Management 297</p>
<p>Overview 297</p>
<p>10.1 Capacity Management Challenges 297</p>
<p>10.2 Managing Nursing Units 299</p>
<p>10.3 Managing Operating Rooms 310</p>
<p>10.4 Managing Diagnostic Units 316</p>
<p>10.5 Nurse Staffing and Scheduling 317</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 320</p>
<p>References 321</p>
<p>Chapter 11 Healthcare Logistics 323</p>
<p>Overview 323</p>
<p>11.1 Facility Location 323</p>
<p>Case Study 11: Location of Federally Qualified Healthcare Centers 337</p>
<p>11.2 Home Healthcare Routing and Scheduling 341</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 347</p>
<p>References 349</p>
<p>Chapter 12 Health Supply Chains 351</p>
<p>Overview 351</p>
<p>12.1 Forecasting Demand 351</p>
<p>12.2 Inventory Control 357</p>
<p>12.3 Healthcare Distribution 363</p>
<p>12.4 Coordinating Activities in the Supply Chain 369</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 375</p>
<p>References 377</p>
<p>Chapter 13 Infection Control 379</p>
<p>Overview 379</p>
<p>13.1 Historical Perspective 379</p>
<p>13.2 Infection Control Classification 381</p>
<p>13.3 Checklists for Infection Control 383</p>
<p>13.4 The Case of Sepsis 385</p>
<p>13.5 Mathematical Modeling of Hospital Infection Control 388</p>
<p>Case Study 13: Impact of Interventions on TB Infection in a Clinic 398</p>
<p>Questions and Learning Activities 402</p>
<p>References 403</p>
<p>Index 405</p>