A Planner's Guide to Shared Mobility Galaxy

1. Don’t Panic 10 _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. We Need to Rock 12
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Global Needs: Climate Threats and Emissions 13
2.3 Regional Needs: accessibility 14
2.4 Local Needs in Urban and Rural Areas 15
2.5 Underlying Problem: Car Dependency 15
2.6 Use It, Don’t Own It 16
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3. Defining Shared Mobility 18
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Definition 19
3.3 How Shared Mobility Affects Our Behaviour 19
3.4 Shifting towards a Sustainable Transport Mix 20
3.5 The World of Shared Mobility 23
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4. Shared Mobility Modes 26
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Sharing Space 27
4.3 Carsharing 37
4.4 Bikesharing 53
4.5 Shared Micromobility 71
4.6 Ridesharing 79
4.7 On-Demand Ride Services 90
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5. Shared Mobility Impacts 94
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Carsharing 96
5.3 Bikesharing 101
5.4 E-scootersharing 104
5.5 Ridesharing 106
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6. Integrating Shared Mobility 110
6.1 Introduction 111
6.2 Synergy Effects 111
6.3 Mobihubs: Physical Integration 112
6.4 MaaS: Digital Integration 124
6.5 Spatial Integration in Real Estate Development 124
6.6 Mobility Management for Companies 132
4 Table of Contents
7. Boosting Shared Mobility Uptake 138
7.1 Introduction 139
7.2 Stakeholder engagement 139
7.3 Target groups 140
7.4 Marketing and Communication Strategies 140
7.5 A Framework for Behaviour Change 141
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8. Market Developments 150
8.1 Introduction 151
8.2 Slow but Steady 151
8.3 Fast Expansion 152
8.4 Booming Services 152
8.5 Changing Markets 153
8.6 The Dark Side of Shared Mobility 155
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9. Policies that Make Shared Mobility Rock 158
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 Why It Is So Hard to Make Shared Mobility Rock? 159
9.3 Need for Policy Making 159
9.4 What Governments Can and Should Do 162
9.5 Dedicate Staff to Shared Mobility 162
9.6 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans 162
9.7 Shared Mobility Action Plans 168
9.8 Cooperating with and Selecting Service Providers 174
9.9 Parking Regulations 178
9.10 National and EU policies 184
9.11 Research and Data 190
9.12 Practice What You Preach 190
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10. Looking to the Future 192
10.1 Introduction 193
10.2 Trends 193
10.3 The Challenge for Shared Mobility 193
10.4 Take the Lead 195
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References 196 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Annex 1: Types of Shared Mobility 204
Carsharing 204
Bikesharing 212
Shared Micromobility 218
Ridesharing 220
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Annex 2: Overview of Case Studies 222 _____________________________________________________________________________________
About the SHARE-North Project 224