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Daniel M. Joel, Jonathan Gressel, Lytton J. Musselman

Parasitic Orobanchaceae

Name: Parasitic Orobanchaceae
Author: Daniel M. Joel

Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies

Paperback Engels 2015 9783642447075

240,99

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Samenvatting

This book was written in response to significant recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of parasitism in the Orobanchaceae, and breakthroughs in the control of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. It consists of 26 contributions by internationally recognized leading scientists. The main book chapters are grouped into two parts:

· Part I – The Orobanchaceae and Their Parasitic Mechanisms

· Part II – The Weedy Orobanchaceae and Their Control

The first part provides cutting-edge information on all key aspects of plant parasitism, such as the structure, development and function of the haustorium; nutrient transfer and the physiology of the parasite-host association; host reaction to parasitic plants; seed production and germination; the strigolactones and host-parasite signaling mechanisms; the parasite genome, phylogenetics, evolution and epigenetics; and ecology. Topics of the second part include: the problem posed by the weedy parasites; population diversity and dynamics; molecular diagnosis of seed banks; and detailed discussion of the various management strategies, including agronomic, chemical and biotechnological approaches, as well as host breeding for resistance, allelopathy and biological control.

This book is intended for plant scientists, university lecturers and students, agronomists and weed specialists, breeders and farmers, extension personnel and experts in tropical and subtropical agriculture.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9783642447075

Taal:Engels

Bindwijze:paperback

Uitgever:Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Inhoudsopgave

1. Introduction: The parasitic syndrome in higher plants Henning S. Heide-Jørgensen1.1 Parasitism in plants1.2 Hemi- and holoparasitism1.3 The haustorium1.4 Dispersal and germination strategies1.5 Host range1.6 Geographical distribution1.7 The parasitic plant families 1.8. Parasite look-alikeReferences Part I: The Orobanchaceae and their parasitic mechanisms2. The haustorium and the life cycles of parasitic Orobanchaceae Daniel M. Joel 2.1 How do we define the haustorium in the Orobanchaceae? 2.2 Life cycles of facultative and obligate OrobanchaceaeReferences3. Functional structure of the mature haustoriumDaniel M. Joel 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Haustorium diversity 3.3 Lateral and terminal haustoria 3.4 Morphological features of terminal haustoria 3.5 Roots of hemiparasites 3.6 Morphological features of lateral haustoria 3.7 The anatomical complexity of haustoria 3.8 Tissue organization within the mature haustorium 3.9 The conductive system 3.10 Developmental aspects of the vascular system 3.11 The mature endophyte 3.12 The haustorial neck 3.13 The base of lateral haustoria 3.14 The base of terminal haustoria 3.15 Exceptional haustoria 3.16 Are haustoria homologous to roots? 3.17 Concluding remarks References4. Haustorium initiation and early development Pradeepa C.G. Bandaranayake and John I. Yoder 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Early haustorium development 4.3 Haustorium initiation factors 4.4 Haustorium signal transduction 4.5 Evolutionary origins 4.6 ConclusionsReferences5. Haustorium invasion into host tissues Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Preparing for penetration 5.3 Penetration 5.4 Duration of penetration 5.5 Avoiding defences: tricks of war 5.6 ConclusionsReferences 6. The physiology of the established parasite-host association James H. Westwood 6.1 General physiological considerations 6.2 Nutrient acquisition and transport 6.3 Direction of movement 6.4 Hormone interactions 6.5 Macromolecules 6.6 ConclusionsReferences7. Host reaction to attack by root parasitic plants Michael P. Timko and Julie D. Scholes 7.1 Introduction 7.2 General mechanisms of host resistance 7.3 Histological characteristics of the host resistance responses 7.4 Genetic Basis of Resistance 7.5 Cell signalling and gene expression in host defence responses 7.6 Conclusions and perspectiveReferences 8. Seed production and dispersal in the Orobanchaceae Daniel M. Joel References9. The seed and the seedling Daniel M. Joel and Hilla Bar 9.1 Surface structure 9.2 Anatomy 9.3 Water absorption 9.4 Site of signal perception 9.5 Nutrient transfer during germination 9.6 The seedling 9.7 Concluding remarksReferences10. Induction of germination Koichi Yoneyama, Carolien Ruyter-Spira, Harro Bouwmeester 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Strigolactones 10.3 Non-strigolactone germination stimulants 10.4 Can germination be a target in the control of parasitic weeds? 10.5 Concluding remarksReferences11. Germination eco-physiology Alistair J. Murdoch and Ermias Kebreab 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Seed survival in dry storage 11.3 Seed survival in moist storage 11.4 Dormancy and quiescence 11.5 From relief of dormancy to the initiation of germination 11.6 Germination 11.7 ConclusionReferences12. Are karrikin signalling mechanisms relevant to strigolactone perception? David C. Nelson 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Karrikins, germination stimulants found in smoke 12.3 Regulation of plant development by karrikins and strigolactones 12.4 Karrikin and strigolactone responses are MAX2-dependent 12.5 KAI2 and D14 are required for specific responses to karrikins and strigolactones 12.6 Common elements of karrikin, strigolactone, and gibberellin signalling 12.7 D14/DAD2 is a candidate receptor for strigolactones 12.8 What can Arabidopsis thaliana tell us about parasitic weed germination? 12.9 ConclusionReferences 13. Changing host specificities: by mutational changes or epigenetic reprogramming? Toby J.A. Bruce and Jonathan Gressel 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Static evidence for intraspecific variation in host specificity 13.3 Evidence for rapid dynamic intraspecific changes in host specificity 13.4 Critically differentiating between classical genetic evolution and epigenetic adaptation 13.5 Does it matter to parasite management whether classical genetic evolution o epigenetic adaptation? References 14. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trends in Orobanchaceae Gerald M. Schneeweiss 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Phylogenetic relationships 14.3 Phylogenetic relationships of weedy taxa 14.4 Evolutionary trends: some examples 14.5 OutlookReferences15. Genomic evolution in Orobanchaceae Susann Wicke 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The nuclear genome 15.3 The plastid genome 15.4 The mitochondrial genome 15.5 Horizontal DNA transfer 15.6 ConclusionsReferences 16. Ecology of hemi-parasitic Orobanchaceae with special reference to their interaction with plant communities Duncan D. Cameron and Gareth K. Phoenix 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts at the individual scale 16.3 Orobanchaceae in plant communities: multiple impacts, multiple consequences 16.4 Interactions across multiple trophic levels 16.5 Parasitic plant impacts on nutrient cycling 16.6 Conclusions and future directionsReferences Part II: The weedy Orobanchaceae and their control17. Weedy Orobanchaceae – The problem Jonathan Gressel and Daniel Joel18. The parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae Chris Parker 18.1 Introduction 18.2 The weedy broomrapes: Orobanche and Phelipanche species 18.3 The weedy witchweeds: Striga species 18.4 Alectra species 18.5 Rhamphicarpa fistulosa 18.6 Other Orobanchaceae occasionally proving weedy 18.7 ConclusionReferences19. Population diversity and dynamics of parasitic weeds Belén Román 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Genetic diversity and population dynamics 19.3 Impacts of life history on population demography and genetics 19.4 Future prospectsReferences20. Molecular diagnosis of parasite seed banks Jane Prider, Kathy Ophel Keller and Alan McKay 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Sample collection 20.3 Test development 20.4 Test validation 20.5 Test applications 20.6 Other applications 20.7 ConclusionsReferences21. Marker-assisted and physiology-based breeding for resistance to Orobanchaceae Begoña Pérez-Vich, Leonardo Velasco, Patrick J. Rich and Gebisa Ejeta 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Physiology-based breeding 21.3 Marker assisted breedingReferences 22. Integrated agronomic management of parasitic weed seed banks Yaakov Goldwasser and Jonne Rodenburg 22.1 Introduction< 22.2 Phytosanitary measures 22.3 Reduction of parasite seed production and crop damage 22.4 Methods to reduce existing seed banks 22.5 Integrating agronomic management practices 22.6 ConclusionsReferences23. Chemical control Hanan Eizenberg, Joseph Hershenhorn, Jhonathan H. Ephrath, and Fred Kanampiu 23.1 Introduction -the complexity of chemical control of parasitic weeds 23.2 Herbicides 23.3 The use of herbicides and fumigants 23.4 Models for optimizing herbicide application 23.5 Broomrape control by herbicide-resistant crops 23.6 New and future approaches 23.7 ConclusionsReferences24. Biotechnologies for directly generating crops resistant to parasites Jonathan Gressel 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Target site herbicide resistances 24.3 When will the parasites evolve herbicide resistance? 24.4 Biotechnologically directly conferring crop resistance to the parasites 24.5 Other biotechnological approaches 24.6 ConclusionsReferences25. Allelopathy John A. Pickett, Antony M. Hooper, Charles A.O. Midega and Zeyaur R. Khan 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Allelopathic mechanism by which Desmodium controls Striga in maize 25.3 Long term needs 25.4 ConclusionsReferences26. Biocontrol Alan K. Watson 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Insects attacking broomrapes and witchweeds 26.3 Biocontrol of parasitic weeds with microorganisms 26.4 Path to commercialization of a Striga bioherbicide 26.5 Conclusions and future possibilitiesReferences Index

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