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Radiation

Fundamentals, Applications, Risks, and Safety

Paperback Engels 2019 9780444639790
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen

Samenvatting

The author is ready to assert that practically none of the readers of this book will ever happen to deal with large doses of radiation. But the author, without a shadow of a doubt, claims that any readers of this book, regardless of gender, age, financial situation, type of professional activity, and habits, are actually exposed to low doses of radiation throughout their life.

This book is devoted to the effect of small doses on the body. To understand the basic effects of radiation on humans, the book contains the necessary information from an atomic, molecular and nuclear physics, as well as from biochemistry and biology. Special attention is paid to the issues that are either not considered or discussed very briefly in existing literature. Examples include the ionization of inner atomic shells that play an essential role in radiological processes, and the questions of transformation of the energy of ionizing radiation in matter.

The benefits of ionizing radiation to mankind is reflected in a wide range of radiation technologies used in science, industry, agriculture, culture, art, forensics, and, what is the most important application, medicine. Radiation: Fundamentals, Applications, Risks and Safety provides information on the use of radiation in modern life, its usefulness and indispensability.

Experiments on the effects of small doses on bacteria, fungi, algae, insects, plants and animals are described. Human medical experiments are inhuman and ethically flawed. However, during the familiarity of mankind with ionizing radiation, a large number of population groups were subject to accumulation, exposed to radiation at doses of small but exceeding the natural background radiation.

This book analyzes existing, real-life radiation results from survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chernobyl and Fukushima, and examines studies of radiation effect on patients, radiologists, crews of long-distant flights and astronauts, on miners of uranium copies, on workers of nuclear industry and on militaries, exposed to ionizing radiation on a professional basis, and on the population of the various countries receiving environmental exposure.

The author hopes that this book can mitigate the impact of radiation phobia, which prevails in the public consciousness over the last half century.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9780444639790
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:Paperback

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Inhoudsopgave

<p>Part I. Fundamentals<br>1. Peculiarities of the processes in microcosm<br>2. Nucleui and nuclear radiation<br>3. Probability and energy laws of particle collisions<br>4. Ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules<br>5. Passing of charged particles through matter<br>6. Interaction of gamma quanta with matter<br>7. Interaction of neutrons with matter<br>8. Elementary processes of the transformation of radiation energy in matter<br>9. Electron attachment<br>10. Diffusion and drift of charges<br>11. Recombination of charges<br>12. Luminescence<br>13. Molecule relaxation<br>14. Radiation detection<br>15. Formation and migration of the defects in crystals<br>16. Chemical processes under the influence of radiation</p> <p>Part II. Applications<br>17.. Radionuclide sources of ionizing radiation<br>18. Accelerators<br>19. Neutron sources<br>20. Radiation methods of matter composition analysis <br>21. The Mössbauer Effect<br>22. Crystal diffraction methods for investigation of the structure of matter<br>23. Industrial radiation technologies<br>24. Radiation in the synthesis and modification of substance<br>25. Radiation doping of semiconductors<br>26. Radiation for control and testing<br>27. Radiation-chemical nanotechnologies<br>28. Atomic energy sources<br>29. Fundamentals of radiation material science<br>30. Radiation sterilization<br>31. Medical radiation diagnostics<br>32. Radiation therapy </p> <p>Part III. Risks and Safety<br>33. Basics of biochemistry<br>34. Basics of biology <br>35. Effect of radiation on biological structures. Radiation Mutagenesis<br>36. Radiation Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis<br>37. Experiments on bacteria, plants, fungi, tissues, and animal cultures<br>38. Epidemiological method of the evaluation of the radiation action on humans<br>39. The early history of radiation damage <br>40. Radium stage<br>41. Radiation experiments on people in the United States<br>42. Radiation events after discovery of fission<br>43. People survived after atomic bombarding of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<br>44. Military applications of nuclear energy<br>45. Population and personnel irradiated due to nuclear weapon tests <br>46. The nuclear employees<br>47. Radon. Miners of uranium copies and world population<br>48. Crews and passengers of long-distant flights. Astronauts<br>49. Radiologists and patients under diagnostic and therapeutic procedures<br>50. Population and liquidators after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant <br>51. Radiation accident at Fukushima NPP<br>52. Population living in the area of nuclear plants<br>53. Residents of areas with high natural background radiation <br>54. Radiation hormesis. The necessity of radiation<br>55. Internal dosimeter<br>56. Comparison of radiation hazard with the hazards of other types<br>54. Comparison of radiation hazard with the hazards of other types</p>

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