<p><strong>CHAPTER 1: SAFETY AND HEALTH MOVEMENT, THEN AND NOW<br></strong>Developments Before the Industrial Revolution<br>Milestones in the Safety Movement<br>Tragedies That Have Changed the Safety Movement<br>Role of Organized Labor<br>Role of Specific Health Problems<br>Safety and Health Standards Apply to More than Just Manufacturing<br>Development of Accident Prevention Programs<br>Development of Safety Organizations<br>Safety and Health Movement Today<br>Integrated Approach to Safety and Health<br>New Materials, New Processes, and New Problems<br>Rapid Growth in the Profession<br>Does Moving Manufacturing Jobs Overseas Reduce the Accident Rate?<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 2: ACCIDENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS<br></strong>Costs of Accidents<br>Accidental Deaths in the United States<br>Accidents versus Other Causes of Death<br>Work Accident Costs and Rates<br>Time Lost because of Work Injuries<br>Deaths in Work Accidents<br>Work Injuries by Type of Accident<br>Death Rates by Industry<br>Parts of the Body Injured on the Job<br>Estimating the Cost of Accidents<br>Global Impact of Accidents and Injuries<br>OSHA Reports and Logs<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 3: THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION<br></strong>Domino Theory of Accident Causation<br>Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation<br>Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation<br>Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation<br>Systems Theory of Accident Causation<br>Combination Theory of Accident Causation<br>Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation<br>Individual Factors and Accident Causation<br>Management Failures and Accident Causation<br>Obesity and Accident Causation<br>Swiss Cheese Model of Accident Causation<br>Summary of Accident Causation Models and Applications<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 4: ROLES AND PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS<br></strong>Modern Safety and Health Teams<br>Safety and Health Manager<br>Engineers and Safety<br>Industrial Hygienist<br>Health Physicist<br>Occupational Physician<br>Occupational Health Nurse<br>Risk Manager<br>Employees and Safety<br>Certification of Safety and Health Professionals<br>Other Safety and Health-Related Certifications<br>Emerging Role of Safety Professionals<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 5: THE OSH ACT, STANDARDS, AND LIABILITY<br></strong>Rationale for the OSH Act<br>OSHA's Mission and Purpose<br>OSH Act Coverage<br>OSHA Standards<br>OSHA's Record Keeping and Reporting<br>Keeping Employees Informed<br>Workplace Inspections and Enforcement<br>OSHA'S Whistleblower Program<br>OSHA's Enhanced Enforcement Policy<br>Citations and Penalties<br>OSHA Fines: How Much and Where Does the Money Go?<br>Appeals Process<br>State-Level OSHA Programs<br>Services Available from OSHA<br>Employer Rights and Responsibilities<br>Employee Rights and Responsibilities<br>Keeping Up-to-Date on OSHA<br>Problems with OSHA<br>Other Agencies and Organizations<br>OSHA's General Industry Standards<br>OSHA's Maritime Standards<br>OSHA's Construction Standards<br>Standards and Codes<br>Laws and Liability<br>OSHA's Stand on Safety Incentives<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 6: WORKERS' COMPENSATION<br></strong>Overview of Workers' Compensation<br>Historical Perspective<br>Workers' Compensation Legislation<br>Modern Workers' Compensation<br>Workers' Compensation Insurance<br>Resolution of Workers' Compensation Disputes<br>Injuries and Workers' Compensation<br>Disabilities and Workers' Compensation<br>Monetary Benefits of Workers' Compensation<br>Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation<br>Medical Management of Workplace Injuries<br>Administration and Case Management<br>Cost Allocation<br>Problems with Workers' Compensation<br>Spotting Workers' Compensation Fraud and Abuse<br>Future of Workers' Compensation<br>Cost-Reduction Strategies<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 7: ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING<br></strong>Types of Accident Investigations<br>When to Investigate<br>What to Investigate<br>Who Should Investigate<br>Conducting the Investigation<br>Interviewing Witnesses<br>Reporting Accidents<br>Ten Accident Investigation Mistakes to Avoid<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 8: ERGONOMIC HAZARDS: MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) AND CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS (CTDs)<br></strong>Ergonomics Defined<br>Human Factors and Ergonomic Hazards<br>Factors Associated with Physical Stress<br>Ergonomics: A Political Football<br>OSHA's Voluntary Ergonomics Guidelines<br>Worksite Analysis Program for Ergonomics<br>Hazard Prevention and Control<br>Medical Management Program<br>Training and Education<br>Common Indicators of Problems<br>Identifying Specific Ergonomic Problems<br>Ergonomic Problem-Solving Strategies<br>Economics of Ergonomics<br>Cumulative Trauma Disorders/Soft Tissue Injuries<br>Lifting Hazards<br>Helpful Assessment Tools: NIOSH, RULA, REBA, and HAL<br>Participatory Ergonomics<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 9: STRESS AND SAFETY<br></strong>Workplace Stress Defined<br>Sources of Workplace Stress<br>Human Reactions to Workplace Stress<br>Measurement of Workplace Stress<br>Shift Work, Stress, and Safety<br>Improving Safety by Reducing Workplace Stress<br>Stress in Safety Managers<br>Stress and Workers' Compensation<br><strong><br>CHAPTER 10: MECHANICAL HAZARDS AND MACHINE SAFEGUARDING<br></strong>Common Mechanical Injuries<br>Safeguarding Defined<br>OSHA's Requirements for Machine Guarding<br>Risk Assessment in Machine Operation<br>Design Requirements for Safeguards<br>Point-of-Operation Guards<br>Point-of-Operation Devices<br>How to Choose a Machine Guard or Device<br>Machine Guarding Self-Assessment<br>Feeding and Ejection Systems<br>Robot Safeguards<br>Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout Systems)<br>Permanent Electrical Safety Devices in Lockout/Tagout Programs<br>General Precautions<br>Basic Program Content<br>Taking Corrective Action<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 11: FALLING, IMPACT, ACCELERATION, AND VISION HAZARDS WITH APPROPRIATE PPE<br></strong>Causes of Falls<br>Kinds of Falls<br>Walking and Slipping<br>Slip and Fall Prevention Programs<br>OSHA Fall Protection Standards<br>Ansi Z359 Fall Protection Code<br>Ladder Safety<br>What to Do After a Fall<br>Monitor Fall Protection Equipment and Know Why It Fails<br>Impact and Acceleration Hazards<br>Standing Hazards<br>Hand Protection<br>Personal Protective Equipment<br>Forklift Safety (Powered Industrial Trucks)<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 12: HAZARDS OF TEMPERATURE EXTREMES<br></strong>Thermal Comfort<br>Heat Stress and Strain<br>Cold Stress<br>Burns and Their Effects<br>Chemical Burns<br>OSHA's Guidelines for Hazards of Temperature Extremes<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 13: PRESSURE HAZARDS<br></strong>Pressure Hazards Defined<br>Sources of Pressure Hazards<br>Boilers and Pressure Hazards<br>High-Temperature Water Hazards<br>Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels<br>Hazards of High-Pressure Systems<br>Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels<br>Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels<br>Pressure Dangers to Humans<br>Decompression Procedures<br>Measurement of Pressure Hazards<br>Reduction of Pressure Hazards<br>OSHA's Standard and Guidelines for Pressure Hazards<br>Confined Spaces and Pressure Vessels<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 14: ELECTRICAL HAZARDS<br></strong>Electrical Hazards Defined<br>Sources of Electrical Hazards<br>Electrical Hazards to Humans<br>Detection of Electrical Hazards<br>Reduction of Electrical Hazards<br>OSHA's Electrical Standards<br>Electrical Safety Program<br>Electrical Hazards Self-Assessment<br>Prevention of Arc Flash Injuries<br>Training Requirements for Workers<br>Permanent Electrical Safety Devices<br>Hazards of Power Strips and Daisy Chains<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 15: FIRE HAZARDS AND LIFE SAFETY<br></strong>Fire Hazards Defined<br>Sources of Fire Hazards<br>Fire Dangers to Humans<br>Detection of Fire Hazards<br>Reduction of Fire Hazards<br>Development of Fire Safety Standards<br>OSHA Fire Standards<br>OSHA and Fire Prevention Plans<br>OSHA Requirements for Exit Routes<br>Life Safety<br>Basic Requirements<br>Flame-Resistant Clothing<br>Fire Safety Programs<br>Response and Fire Drills<br>Explosive Hazards<br>OSHA's Firefighting Options<br>Self-Assessment in Fire Protection<br>Hot Work Program<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 16: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND CONFINED SPACES<br></strong>Overview of Industrial Hygiene<br>Industrial Hygiene Standards<br>OSH Act and Industrial Hygiene<br>Hazards in the Workplace<br>Toxic Substances Defined<br>Entry Points for Toxic Agents<br>Effects of Toxic Substances<br>Relationship of Doses and Responses<br>Airborne Contaminants<br>Effects of Airborne Toxics<br>Effects of Carcinogens<br>Asbestos Hazards<br>Indoor Air Quality and “Sick-Building" Syndrome<br>Toxic Mold and Indoor Air Quality<br>ASTM D7338: Guide for the Assessment of Fungal Growth in Buildings<br>Threshold Limit Values<br>Hazard Recognition and Evaluation<br>Prevention and Control<br>NIOSH and Industrial Hygiene<br>NIOSH Guidelines for Respirators<br>Standards and Regulations<br>Environmental Protection Agency Risk Management Program<br>General Safety Precautions<br>Nanoscale Materials and Industrial Hygiene<br>Confined Space Hazards<br>OSHA Confined Space Standard<br>OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 17: VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE<br></strong>Occupational Safety and Workplace Violence: The Relationship<br>Workplace Violence: Definitions<br>Legal Considerations<br>Risk-Reduction Strategies<br>OSHA's Voluntary Guidelines on Workplace Violence<br>Active Shooter Response<br>Role of Supervisors<br>Workplace Violence: Policy, Plan, and Programs<br>Communicating with Personnel in the Aftermath of a Violent Incident<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 18: NOISE AND VIBRATION HAZARDS<br></strong>Hearing Loss Prevention Terms<br>Characteristics of Sound<br>Hazard Levels and Risks<br>Standards and Regulations<br>Workers' Compensation and Noise Hazards<br>Identifying and Assessing Hazardous Noise Conditions<br>Noise Control Strategies<br>Vibration Hazards<br>Other Effects of Noise Hazards<br>Corporate Policy<br>Evaluating Hearing Loss Prevention Programs<br>Future of Hearing Conservation: Noise Reduction Rating<br>Distraction Hazards Introduced by Handheld Devices with Earbuds<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 19: PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES, DISASTERS, AND TERRORISM<br></strong>Rationale for Emergency Preparation<br>Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act<br>Organization and Coordination<br>OSHA Standards<br>First Aid in Emergencies<br>How to Plan for Emergencies<br>Planning for Workers with Disabilities<br>Evacuation Planning<br>Customizing Plans to Meet Local Needs<br>Emergency Response<br>Computers and Emergency Response<br>Dealing with the Psychological Trauma of Emergencies<br>Recovering from Disasters<br>Terrorism in the Workplace<br>Reporting Suspicious People and Behaviors<br>Active Shooter Response<br>Resuming Business after a Disaster<br><br><strong>CHAPTER 20: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND BACTERIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE<br></strong>Symptoms of AIDS<br>AIDS in the Workplace<br>Legal Concerns<br>AIDS Education<br>Counseling Infected Employees<br>Easing Employees' Fears about AIDS<br>Protecting Employees from AIDS<br>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the Workplace<br>OSHA's Standard on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens<br>Preventing and Responding to Needlestick Injuries<br>Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in the Workplace</p>